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Shape-morphing structured materials have the ability to transform a range of applications. However, their design and fabrication remain challenging due to the difficulty of controlling the underlying metric tensor in space and time. Here, we exploit a combination of multiple materials, geometry, and 4-dimensional (4D) printing to create structured heterogeneous lattices that overcome this problem. Our printable inks are composed of elastomeric matrices with tunable cross-link density and anisotropic filler that enable precise control of their elastic modulus (E) and coefficient of thermal expansion (α)(α)< " ">< < < </ < mathvariant="bold-italic">α</ < </ </ </ </ The inks are printed in the form of lattices with curved bilayer ribs whose geometry is individually programmed to achieve local control over the metric tensor. For independent control of extrinsic curvature, we created multiplexed bilayer ribs composed of 4 materials, which enables us to encode a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) shape changes in response to temperature. As exemplars, we designed and printed planar lattices that morph into frequency-shifting antennae and a human face, demonstrating functionality and geometric complexity, respectively. Our inverse geometric design and multimaterial 4D printing method can be readily extended to other stimuli-responsive materials and different 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell designs to create scalable, reversible, shape-shifting structures with unprecedented complexity.
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Section: Physical Sciences
PMID: 31578256
2019/10/15
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/42/20856


Full spec

AccessDate
2021-08-11T11:25:50Z
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1908806116
DateAdded
2021-08-11T11:25:50Z
DateModified
2021-08-11T11:25:50Z
ISSN
0027-8424, 1091-6490
Issue
42
JournalAbbreviation
PNAS
Key
CCCJBT8Q
Language
en
LibraryCatalog
www.pnas.org
Pages
20856-20862
PublicationTitle
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Rights
© 2019 . https://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtmlPublished under the PNAS license.
Volume
116